Which term describes the pattern of using substances in a way that harms an individual or others?

• A. Substance Misuse
• B. Addiction
• C. Dependence
• D. Substance Abuse

Answer: (D)

Substance abuse describes using drugs or alcohol in a way that harms the person or others. The term highlights a pattern of use that leads to health problems, safety risks, or negative consequences in work, relationships, or legal situations, not just experimentation. It captures the idea of ongoing use despite these harms. This differs from addiction, which implies a compulsive, cravings-driven pattern often with withdrawal and inability to stop, and from dependence, which refers to physical adaptation to a substance with withdrawal symptoms. Substances may be called misuse when used inappropriately, but abuse specifically signals the harmful pattern exams focus on.